Back at flight school, we all learned about the “30 ft-Vmcg-rule”. While that might get you through the ATPL exam, it does not provide the necessary understanding of the implications that certification requirements have on the daily operation of aircraft. This article aims to do exactly that: Provide a summary of Vmcg certification aspects and demonstrate how they affect daily operation.

This article describes air data malfunctions that are less known than the basic "pitot blockage".

This article aims to highlight benefits and caveats of mixing AOA-derived information in to a speed tape.

A description of different methods to make flight control computers more resilient against misleading sensor data.

A radically different method to optain air data, based on optical measurements.