Same same but different, would probably be an adequate description when comparing a final approach beginning at 3000 ft vs. one at 10’000 ft. There are differences, some more obvious than others. Without proper preparation, chances are you will get a surprise introduction. This article will summarize some key points for long and high final approaches.

This article aims to make the content of PANS-OPS and ICAO PBN manual more accessible, covering error budgets and obstacle clearance of PBN.

This article covers the obstacle assessment of PAPI installations and provides information about the relevant regulatory guidance.